Most people would probably say they could spot signs of physical abuse, but not all abuse is that obvious in a relationship. 

Trauma bonding is more than just an attachment to an abuser. It is a deep, powerful, emotional connection that is often very cyclical, which makes it hard to escape.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can impact anyone who has been through a traumatic event. However, studies have shown that women are more likely to experience symptoms of PTSD than men. 

Trauma is the lingering emotional response to an event where you felt in danger. A traumatic event might be physical or sexual abuse, neglect, a childhood in poverty, a car accident, war, a natural disaster, the death of a loved one, or racial discrimination.

It can be difficult to parse through the many options when choosing a therapeutic approach. Some psychotherapies work at changing negative thought patterns, while others help you understand how the mind’s various parts work together to form your cognition.

Beyond combat or terrorist attacks, various traumatic incidents such as assault, natural disasters, or accidents can trigger PTSD. If you suspect you or a loved one may be struggling with PTSD, here are some signs to watch for.

Racial trauma, also known as race-based traumatic stress (RBTS), refers to the mental and emotional stress resulting from racial bias, discrimination, and hate crimes. Individuals who encounter these experiences often face lasting negative consequences.

In recent years, the nation has witnessed numerous traumatic events, ranging from mass violence to devastating natural disasters. Hundreds of thousands of Americans have directly experienced or witnessed such calamitous or life-threatening incidents.

The earliest trick we learn in life is how to ask for help, and that’s through tears. Infants don’t only cry when they’re hungry. Sometimes, they want warmth, closeness, social attention, safety reassurance, and other emotional reassurance.